Coeficiente intelectual en escolares con antecedentes de fallo de medro durante la lactancia / IQ in schoolchildren with a history of medro failure during lactation

Resumen

Objetivo: determinar los efectos que produce el fallo de medro durante la etapa de lactancia sobre el coeficiente intelectual en escolares.

Método: se realizó un estudio explicativo y observacional de casos y controles. El universo estuvo constituido por 169 niños nacidos durante el período desde enero de 2009 hasta mayo de 2010, con edades entre seis y siete años, pertenecientes al Policlínico “Pablo de la Torriente Brau”, Bahía Honda, Artemisa. Se ejecutó un muestreo intencional, seleccionando 19 niños con antecedentes de fallo de medro en etapa de lactancia (casos). Con los 150 niños restantes se realizó un muestreo aleatorio simple probabilístico seleccionándose 37 niños sin antecedentes de fallo de medro durante la lactancia (controles). La primera etapa caracterizó a la población investigada. La segunda etapa determinó el coeficiente intelectual para ambos grupos. Para el procesamiento estadístico se compararon los valores medios del Coeficiente Intelectual en ambos grupos a través de una t de student.

Resultados: el antecedente de fallo de medro estuvo presente en el 11,2% de los niños, predominando la causa orgánica (47,4%). Se observó una diferencia de medias del coeficiente intelectual de 6,190 puntos entre ambos grupos con diferencia significativa (p=0,0467).

Conclusiones: la media del coeficiente intelectual en los escolares con antecedentes de fallo de medro es significativamente inferior a sus similares sin este antecedente.

Palabras clave: Fallo de medro; coeficiente intelectual; desnutrición.

ABSTRACT

Objective: the failure to thrive during nursing could be bind the intelligence quotient in school’s children.

Objective: tell the effects about intelligence quotient in school’s children with failure to thrive during nursing.

Methods: an observational, explicative, cases and control study was conducted in “Pablo de la Torriente Brau” Polyclinics in Bahia Honda, Artemisa. The universe was conformed for 169 children born between January 2009 to May 2010, with ages between six and seven years old. An intentional sampling was utilized to choose 19 children with failure to thrive antecedents during nursing (cases). The control group of 37 children without this condition, selected via simple random sampling, from the others 150 school’s children. The first phase characterized the research population. The second one, the diagnosis of intelligence quotient in both groups. For statistical processing was contrasting the half of intelligences quotients in both groups through the Student t.

Results: the 11,2 % school’s children had antecedent of failure to thrive during nursing, predominating organic cause (47,4 %). The half’s different of the intelligences quotients were 6,190 points between both groups with significant different (p=0,0467).

Conclusions: the half of intelligence quotient in school’s children with failure to thrive during nursing are significantly low in comparison with schools children without this condition.

Keywords: failure to thrive; intelligences quotients; malnutrition.