Cicatrices Queloides; revisión y experiencia en un tratamiento integral / Keloid Scars; review and experience in a comprehensive treatment

Alicia Maria Tamayo Carbón, Daniel Alfredo Posada Ruiz, Manuel Alejandro Orozco Jaramillo, José Nemesio Cairos Baez, Sebastian Florido Sarria

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Resumen

Objetivo: aportar conocimiento actualizado sobre la fisiopatología
y el tratamiento integral de las cicatrices queloideas.

Desarrollo: se construyeron descriptores en ciencias de salud
DeCS - MESH y se hizo una búsqueda en Medline y EBSCO a
través de cicatriz patológica, cicatriz queloide, cicatriz y tejido de
granulación, mediante un conector booleano AND, encontrado
24 citas relacionadas con exactitud del tema y revisadas con sus
respectivas referencias. Se utilizaron un total de 45 referencias
bibliográficas pertinentes para el desarrollo de esta investigación.
Los queloides son neoplasias benignas del tejido conectivo
compuestas de masas densas de colágeno. Su etiología es variable
y los tratamientos se direccionan a la exéresis del tejido afectado
y control de la respuesta fibroproliferativa. Los tratamientos
aceptados varían desde el manejo médico hasta la resección
quirúrgica y la combinación de ambos.

Conclusiones: el tratamiento de los queloides es un reto para los
cirujanos dada su alta recurrencia. Si bien los diferentes tratamientos
se conocen de manera amplia y están bien documentados, se hace
necesario emplear conjunta y sucesivamente múltiples técnicas
terapéuticas combinadas como la cirugía, infiltración de fármacos,
presoterapia, entre otras para aseguran un mejor resultado.

Palabras clave: cicatriz patológica; cicatriz queloide; cicatriz;
tejido de granulación.

ABSTRACT

Objetive: to provide updated knowledge of the pathophysiology
and comprehensive treatment of large keloid scars.

Development: health science descriptors DeCS - MESH
were constructed, searching in MEDLINE and EBSCO through
Pathological scar, Keloid Scar, Cicatrix, Granulation tissue using
AND boolean connector finding 24 articles accurately related to the
subject that were revised with their respective references using a total of 45 bibliographic references for the development. Keloids
are benign connective tissue neoplasms composed of dense
collagen masses. Its etiology is variable and the treatments are
directed to the removal of the affected tissue and control of the
fibroproliferative response. The accepted treatments vary from
medical management to surgical resection and the combination
of both.

Conclusions: treating keloid scars is a challenge for surgeons
given its high recurrence. Although therapeutic treatments are well
documented and widely known, it is necessary to use jointly and
successively multiple therapies such as surgery, drugs infiltration,
pressotherapy, among others to guarantee a better result.

Keywords: pathological scar; keloid scar, cicatrix, granulation
tissue.

Palabras clave

Cicatriz patológica; Cicatriz queloide; Cicatriz; Tejido de granulación

Referencias

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