RESUMEN
Objetivo: identificar la influencia de los factores gen茅ticos en la aparici贸n de la hipertensi贸n arterial esencial en ni帽os.
Materiales y M茅todos: se realiz贸 un estudio de casos y controles retrospectivo en pacientes pedi谩tricos atendidos en el Hospital Naval de La Habana, desde enero de 2015 hasta septiembre de 2016; la muestra incluy贸 45 casos y 90 controles para evaluar asociaci贸n entre diferentes variables cualitativas.
Resultados: la hipertensi贸n arterial esencial predomin贸 en el grupo de 11 a 18 a帽os (88,4%) y sexo masculino (75,6%), la obesidad y el sobrepeso estuvo presente en el 84,4% de los hipertensos, la agregaci贸n familiar se evidenci贸, cuando las madres presentaron hipertensi贸n durante el embarazo pues sus hijos tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de padecer hipertensi贸n (Odds ratio 4,16), si el padre era hipertenso el riesgo fue (OR 2,19), siendo tambi茅n significativo; en la segunda generaci贸n se demostr贸 la agregaci贸n familiar en los abuelos maternos (OR 2,19) y paternos (OR 3,23) de que sus nietos fueran hipertensos. En este estudio, la l铆nea parental paterna tuvo una mayor relaci贸n con la agregaci贸n familiar y la probabilidad de aparici贸n de hipertensi贸n arterial esencial.
Conclusiones: la agregaci贸n familiar y el grado de parentesco son factores gen茅ticos que influyen en la aparici贸n de estanenfermedad en las edades pedi谩tricas, lo que demuestra la herencia de genes predisponentes.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to identify the influence of genetic factors on the appearance of essential hypertension in children.
Materials and Methods: a retrospective case-control study was conducted in pediatric patients treated at the Naval Hospital of Havana, from January 2015 to September 2016; The sample included 45 cases and 90 controls to evaluate the association between different qualitative variables.
Results: the essential arterial hypertension prevailed in the group of 11 to 18 years (88.4%) and male sex (75.6%), obesity and overweight were present in 84.4% of the hypertensive patients, the aggregation family was evident, when mothers had hypertension during pregnancy because their children were more likely to suffer hypertension (Odds ratio 4,16), if the father was hypertensive the risk was (OR 2.19), being also significant; in the second generation, family aggregation was demonstrated in maternal (OR 2.19) and paternal (OR 3.23) grandparents that their grandchildren were hypertensive. In this study, the paternal parental line had a greater relationship with family aggregation and the probability of the appearance of essential hypertension.
Conclusions: family aggregation and degree of kinship are genetic factors that influence the appearance of this disease in pediatric ages, which demonstrates the inheritance of predisposing genes.